Malacia is a suffix used in medical terminology to denote abnormal softening of tissues. eg: osteomalacia, tracheomalacia, chondromalacia patellae, laryngomalacia, oesophagomalacia

Bill’s bar is a vertical crest that divides the superior compartment of the internal acoustic meatus into anterior and posterior compartments
The anterior compartment contains the facial nerve and the nervus intermedius
The posterior compartment contains the superior vestibular nerve (which supplies utricle, superior and lateral semicircular canals)

Cerebellopontine angle is the anatomical space between the cerebellum and the pons
Various tumours occur in this region. They are:

Acoustic neuroma – most common
Meningioma
Cholesteatoma
Arachnoid cyst
Schwannoma of cranial nerves
Aneurysms
Glomus tumour
Metastasis

It results in cerebellopontine angle syndrome with features arising due to the compression of cranial nerves by the tumour

NRR stands for:

Net Reproduction Rate

Although family size generally refers to the total number of individuals in a family, from a demographic perspective, it refers to the number of total number of children borne to a woman at a point of time
Completed family size refers to the total number of children born to her during her child bearing age – generally considered to be 15-45 years of age
The family size depends on various factors like:

Age at marriage
Duration of marriage
Level of education
Economic status
Prevailing social and cultural practices
Desired family size
Use of family planning techniques

The family size is an indicator …

People in the age group 15-64 years of age are considered to be the economically productive population
The young (0-14) and old (>65) people are considered to be dependent on the economically productive
Dependency ratio is calculated as the ratio of number of people in 0-14 years and >65 years age group to number of people in 15-64 year age group
There are 2 subtypes of dependency ratio

Young age dependency ratio – ratio of young people to the economically productive population
Old age dependency ratio – ratio of old people to the economically productive population

Dependency ratio …

Sex ratio is the number of females per 1000 males (in some cases calculated as number of males for each female)
It is dependent on various factors like

sex ratio at birth
sex selective migration
mortality rates of males and females

In general the sex ratio is adverse to women with males more than females
But females predominate in those above 65 years of age

Sex ratio in India – (2004-06) – 892 females per 1000 males

Age pyramid is a graphical representation of the age – sex structure of a population
It consists of 2 back to back graphs, with age represented in the x axis and number of people in the y axis
Age groups are taken at 5 year intervals and the number of males and female in each group is calculated
The above data is plotted in a graph with males on the left side and females on the right side
The structure of the age pyramid reveals the demography of the population as a whole
There are …

A pregnant woman should watch for the following signs which may indicate imminent complications.

Decrease in fetal movements (once fetal movements start)
Bleeding or discharge per vaginum
Severe abdominal pain /  headache
Visual symptoms like blurring, double vision, flashes of light, floaters
High fever
Swelling of feet (pedal oedema) or puffiness of face
Fits
Faintness or dizziness

Population growth rates refers to the rate at which the size of the population increases over time
Growth rates are subject to momentum – they start slow, and build up over time. Also it is difficult to decrease the growth rate rapidly.

This is because growth rate is influence by various factors such as age distribution, marriage rates, social and cultural factors

The population doubling rate is dependent on growth rate

when the growth rate is 0.5 %, population doubles in about 140 years
whereas with a growth rate of 3 %, population doubles in about 20-25 …