The main causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis are:

Lactic acidosis
Renal failure
Ketoacidosis (alcoholic / starvation / diabetes)
Toxin induced (ethylene glycol / methanol / salicylates)

Anion gap is the difference between measured cations and the measured anions – represents the quantity of unmeasured anions in the plasma.

Branches of external carotid artery are:

Superior thyroid artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

1,2 and 3 are anterior branches. 4 and 5 are posterior branches. Ascending pharyngeal artery is the only medial branch of external carotid artery. Maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery are the terminal branches.

Some conditions causing massive splenomegaly are:

Chronic myeloid leukaemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Hairy cell leukemia
Myelofibrosis
Polycythemia vera
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sarcoidosis
Gaucher’s disease
Diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis

Causes of paralytic FIS:

Guillian Barre syndrome
Spinal muscular atrophy
Myasthenia gravis
Myotonic dystrophy
Infant botulism

Causes of non paralytic FIS:

 Down’s syndrome
Cerebral palsy
Malnutrition
Turner syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Tay Sachs disease
Prader Willi syndrome

(FIS = Floppy Infant Syndrome)

Extended wear contact lenses (most important)
Use of contact lenses while swimming
Use of home made solutions for cleaning contact lenses
Washing eyes with contaminated water
Airborne contaminants
Ocular trauma