Barium swallow – Right anterior oblique view chest x-ray – showing normal indentations of oesophagus Click on image for an enlarged view The normal indentations of the esophagus
Kussmaul’s sign refers to the inspiratory increase in jugular venous pressure (or central venous pressure) Some sources consider Kussmaul’s sign as the absence of inspiratory fall in jugular
The jugular venous pressure falls during inspiration The mechanism is as follows During inspiration, there is increase in negative intrathoracic pressure This negative pressure is also transmitted into
Ross procedure, also known as aortopulmonary translocation is a procedure used for the treatment of aortic stenosis In this, the patient’s stenotic aortic valve is removed and his
Ketamine causes stimulation of the cardiovascular system It increases myocardial oxygen demand The hemodynamic changes include increase in Heart rate Cardiac Index Systemic Vascular Resistance Systemic and pulmonary
Distal runoff is the blood flow in the post stenotic region of a blood vessel Adequate distal runoff is an important factor in the success of vascular grafts Poor distal
Aortic stenosis – rheumatic Click on image for an enlarged view In the following conditions, aortic stenosis can coexist with aortic regurgitation (aortic incompetence). Rheumatic Congenital bicuspid aortic
It refers to the decrease in the systolic blood pressure by more than 10mm Hg during inspiration Seen in cardiac tamponade constrictive pericarditis obstructive pulmonary disease The reason
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