Gallow’s traction is used for ?
a) Fracture shaft of femur
b) Fracture neck of femur
c) Fracture humerus
d) Fracture tibia
(Repeat AIIMS Nov 2010)
Correct answer : a) Fracture shaft of femur
Gallow’s traction is used in infants and children with femoral fractures.
Indications Gallows Traction

Child must weigh less than 12 kg
Femoral fractures
Skin must be intact

Ref: http://www0.sun.ac.za/ortho/webct-ortho/general/trac/trac-2.html

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) differs from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In this reference the DIC is most likely characterized by:
A. Significant numbers of schistocytes
B. A brisk reticulocytosis
C. Decreased coagulation factor levels
D. Significant thrombocytopenia
Correct answer : C. Decreased coagulation factor levels
In DIC, the levels of coagulation factors are decreased. Whereas in TTP, coagulation factor levels are normal.

The usefulness of a ‘screening test` in a community depends on its :
A. Sensitivity
B. Specificity
C. Reliability
D. Predictive value
Correct answer : A. Sensitivity
A screening test should be sensitive to detect maximum possible cases. Specificity is not as important. After screening, we can apply a confirmatory test with high specificity.

If the grading of diabetes is classified as mild, moderate and severe the scale of measurement used is :
A. Interval
B. Nominal
C. Ordinal
D. Ratio
Correct answer : C. Ordinal
Here data can be arranged in a useful order. But there is no info regarding the size of each interval.

If prevalence of diabetes is 10%, the probability that three people selected at random from the population will have diabetes is:
A. 0.01
B. 0.03
C. 0.001
D. 0.003
Correct answer : C. 0.001
Prevalence of diabetes = 0.1
Probability that any one person selected from the population will have diabetes = 0.1
Probability that 3 people selected from the population will all have diabetes = 0.1*0.1*0.1 = 0.001

If the systolic blood pressure in a population has a mean of 130 mm Hg and a median of l40 mm Hg, the distribution is said to be?
A. Symmetrical
B. Positively skewed
C. Negatively skewed
D. Either positively or negatively skewed depending on the Standard deviation
Correct answer : C. Negatively skewed
Median is greater than mean. Hence it is negatively skewed.

lf each value of a given group of observations is multiplied by 10 the standard deviation of the resulting observations is :
A. Original std. Deviation x 10
B. Original std. Deviation /10
C. Original std. Deviation – l0
D. Original std. Deviation itself
Correct answer : A. Original std. Deviation x 10

If we substitute 10x for x in the above formula, we can find that the SN (standard deviation of N values) will become 10 SN. (After squaring and finding square root).

Multi-purpose worker scheme in India was initiated following the recommendation of:
A. Srivastava Committee
B. Bhore Committee
C. Kartar Singh Committee
D. Mudaliar Committee
Correct answer : C. Kartar Singh Committee

Dietary changes advocated by WHO for prevention of heart diseases include all of the following except?
A. A decrease in complex carbohydrate consumption
B. Reduction in fat intake to 20-30 percent of caloric intake
C. Consumption of saturated fats be limited to less than 10% of total energy intake
D. Reduction of cholesterol to below l00mg per kcal per day
Correct answer : A. A decrease in complex carbohydrate consumption
WHO recommends an increase in consumption of complex carbohydrates.

“Five clean practices” under strategies for elimination of neonatal tetanus include all except :
A. Clean surface for delivery
B. Clean hand of the attendant
C. New blade for cutting the cord
D. Clean airway
Correct answer : D. Clean airway
The 5 clean practices are:

Clean hands
Clean delivery surface
Clean cord care
Clean blade for cutting cord
Clean cord tie and no application on cord stump