Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum or third generation cephalosporins like ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone and monobactams like aztreonam. ESBLs do not
Incretins are a group of gastrointestinal hormones that cause an increase in the amount of insulin released from the beta cells after eating, even before blood glucose levels
Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose in normal persons and type 2 diabetics. Not effective in type 1 diabetics. Act on SUR1 receptors on pancreatic β cells.
Methyldopa Methyl analogue of dopa. It is used as a centrally acting adrenergic antihypertensive. Methyldopa is converted to methyl noradrenaline, which is a central alpha 2 agonist. This
Active metabolite of alpha methyldopa. Acts on the central alpha 2 adrenergic receptors to decrease central sympathetic outflow. Precursor form – alpha methyldopa – is used as an
Clonidine Clonidine is an imidazoline derivative and is a Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, particularly alpha 2a. The hemodynamic effects are due to activation of Alpha 2 (especially alpha
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