Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) – Objectives, Components, Syndromes under surveillance, Reporting units

Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) is a decentralised state based surveillance system in India.

Objectives:

• Identification of cases and cluster of cases that are of public health importance
• Prevention of further transmission of disease
• Limiting mortality and morbidity
• Assessment of public health importance
• Analysis of trends
• Demonstrate the importance of public health interventions
• Allocate funds for healthcare
• Monitoring of preventive and control measures
• Identification of risk factors and developing hypothesis
• Identification of high groups and geographical areas

Integration is an important component of IDSP. The various aspects of Integration include:

• Partnership between health and non-health sectors
• Collaboration with private groups and NGO’s
• Sharing of disease surveillance data

Components of surveillance:

• Collection of data
• Compiling of data
• Data analysis and interpretation
• Follow up action
• Feedback

Types of surveillance under IDSP:

• Syndromic diagnosis – by health worker / community workers – based on identification of a collection of symptoms
• Presumptive diagnosis – by medical office based on history and clinical examination
• Confirmed diagnosis – history and clinical examination by medical officer with laboratory testing

Clinical syndromes under surveillance:

• Fever – Malaria, Typhoid, Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, Measles
  • lasting for less than 7 days without localising signs
  • with rash
  • with altered sensorium or convulsions
  • with bleeding from skin or mucous membrane
  • lasting for more than 7 days with or without localising signs
• Cough lasting for more than 3 weeks – Tuberculosis
• Acute flaccid paralysis – Polio
• Diarrhoea – Cholera
• Jaundice – Hepatitis, Malaria, Leptospirosis, Yellow fever
• Unusual syndromes – Anthrax, Plague, Emerging epidemics

Core conditions under surveillance:

• Regular surveillance
  • Vector borne disease – malaria
  • Water borne disease – acute diarrhoeal disease, typhoid
  • Respiratory disease – Tuberculosis
  • Vaccine preventable disease – measles
  • Diseases under eradication – Polio
  • Other conditions – Road Traffic Accidents (linked with police computers)
  • International commitments – Plague
  • Unusual clinical syndromes – Meningoencephalitis, respiratory distress, haemorrhagic fevers
• Sentinel surveillance
  • STD’s – HIV, HBV, HCV
  • Water quality monitoring
  • Outdoor air quality  monitoring (large cities)
• Regular periodic surveys – for non communicable disease (NCD) risk factors
  • Anthropometry
  • Physical activity
  • Tobacco
  • Nutrition
  • Blood pressure
• Additional state priorities – Each state may include up to 5 additional diseases based on local needs

Reporting units for disease surveillance:

• PHC’s
• CHC’s
• District hospitals
• ESI hospitals
• Medical college hospitals
• Private medical practitioners