Online Test Series 123
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
1 pointsPrimary hyperaldosteronism is characterised by?
Correct- Primary hyperaldosteronism is characterised by absence of peripheral oedema, metabolic alkalosis and marked fall in plasma potassium levels.
- There is rise in plasma sodium, but decrease in sodium content of sweat, saliva and GI secretions.
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 743.
Incorrect- Primary hyperaldosteronism is characterised by absence of peripheral oedema, metabolic alkalosis and marked fall in plasma potassium levels.
- There is rise in plasma sodium, but decrease in sodium content of sweat, saliva and GI secretions.
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 743.
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
1 pointsAction of calcitonin is?
Correct- Parathormone increases bone resorption while calcitonin inhibits it.
- Calcitonin reduces calcium and phosphate absorption from GIT and inhibits the renal formation of 1-25 DHCC.
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 719.
Incorrect- Parathormone increases bone resorption while calcitonin inhibits it.
- Calcitonin reduces calcium and phosphate absorption from GIT and inhibits the renal formation of 1-25 DHCC.
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 719.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
1 pointsRegarding somatomedin, which is true?
Correct- Somatomedin increases glucose oxidation in fat.
- Activity of somatomedin is reduced by protein deficiency and glucocorticoids.
- It has insulin like effect on tissues and causes lipolysis and increased glucose and amino acid transport by muscle.
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 670.
Incorrect- Somatomedin increases glucose oxidation in fat.
- Activity of somatomedin is reduced by protein deficiency and glucocorticoids.
- It has insulin like effect on tissues and causes lipolysis and increased glucose and amino acid transport by muscle.
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 670.
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
1 pointsJuxtamedullary nephrons:
Correct- Juxtamedullary nephrons comprise 14-15% nephrons in the kidney.
- They have large sized glomeruli which are situated at the junction of the cortex and medulla of the kidney.
- The rate of filtration is high.
- They have long loops of Henle which penetrate into the medulla.
- Their Henle loops manifest vascular supply in the form of vasa recta.
- Both descending and ascending limbs of loop of Henle contain thin segments. (In cortical nephrons, descending limb contains a thin segment whereas the ascending limb contains a thick segment.)
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 520.
Incorrect- Juxtamedullary nephrons comprise 14-15% nephrons in the kidney.
- They have large sized glomeruli which are situated at the junction of the cortex and medulla of the kidney.
- The rate of filtration is high.
- They have long loops of Henle which penetrate into the medulla.
- Their Henle loops manifest vascular supply in the form of vasa recta.
- Both descending and ascending limbs of loop of Henle contain thin segments. (In cortical nephrons, descending limb contains a thin segment whereas the ascending limb contains a thick segment.)
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 520.
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
1 pointsRegarding organ of Corti, all are true except?
Correct- Hensen’s cells are supporting cells of organ of Corti which lie outside the outer hair cells.
- Reticular lamina is a tough membrane which is supported by rods of Corti.
- Tectorial membrane is a thin, gelatinous, elastic structure made of glycoprotein.
- Efferent cholinergic fibers arise from ipsilateral and contralateral superior olivary nucleus.
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 1103.
Incorrect- Hensen’s cells are supporting cells of organ of Corti which lie outside the outer hair cells.
- Reticular lamina is a tough membrane which is supported by rods of Corti.
- Tectorial membrane is a thin, gelatinous, elastic structure made of glycoprotein.
- Efferent cholinergic fibers arise from ipsilateral and contralateral superior olivary nucleus.
Ref: Textbook of Physiology, A K Jain, 3rd edition, Volume 2, page 1103.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
1 pointsThe function of axonemal dynein is?
CorrectEukaryotic flagellum showing the 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. Dynein arms (blue) are visible.
- Axonemal dynein oscillates and is responsible for the beating of flagella and cilia.
- Cytoplasmic dynein moves particles to the ‘minus‘ end of microtubule.
- Kinesin moves particles towards ‘plus‘ end of microtubule.
- Myosin II binds to actin and produce motion by bending their neck region.
Ref: Review of Medical Physiology, William F Ganong, 22nd edition, p14.
Image credits: Author: Smartse. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eukaryotic_flagellum.svgIncorrectEukaryotic flagellum showing the 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. Dynein arms (blue) are visible.
- Axonemal dynein oscillates and is responsible for the beating of flagella and cilia.
- Cytoplasmic dynein moves particles to the ‘minus‘ end of microtubule.
- Kinesin moves particles towards ‘plus‘ end of microtubule.
- Myosin II binds to actin and produce motion by bending their neck region.
Ref: Review of Medical Physiology, William F Ganong, 22nd edition, p14.
Image credits: Author: Smartse. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eukaryotic_flagellum.svg -
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
1 pointsRegarding contractile filaments, which is true?
Correct- Each successive pair of cross bridges of myosin filaments is axially displaced from the previous pair by 120 degrees.
- The backbone of the actin filament is the double stranded F-actin protein molecule.
- Each strand of the double F-actin helix is composed of polymerised G-actin molecules.
- The strong affinity of troponin for calcium ions initiates the contraction process.
Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton and Hall, 11th edition, page 76.
Image credits: Richfield, David. “Medical gallery of David Richfield 2014” ( https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Medical_gallery_of_David_Richfield_2014 ). Wikiversity Journal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.009. ISSN 2001-8762.Incorrect- Each successive pair of cross bridges of myosin filaments is axially displaced from the previous pair by 120 degrees.
- The backbone of the actin filament is the double stranded F-actin protein molecule.
- Each strand of the double F-actin helix is composed of polymerised G-actin molecules.
- The strong affinity of troponin for calcium ions initiates the contraction process.
Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton and Hall, 11th edition, page 76.
Image credits: Richfield, David. “Medical gallery of David Richfield 2014” ( https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Medical_gallery_of_David_Richfield_2014 ). Wikiversity Journal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.009. ISSN 2001-8762. -
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
1 pointsMost important mechanism which gets triggered in the first few hours after large increase in salt and water intake is?
Correct- As sodium intake is increased, sodium output initially lags slightly behind the intake.
- This time delay causes small increase in cumulative sodium balance.
- This leads to slight increase in extracellular fluid volume.
- This increase in extracellular fluid volume triggers various mechanisms in the body to increase sodium excretion.
- On intake of large quantities of salt and water, signals from the stretch receptors of the right atrium and the pulmonary blood vessels go to the brain stem.
- This will inhibit sympathetic nerve activity to the kidney.
- This in turn leads to decrease in tubular sodium reabsorption.
- This mechanism is most important in the first few hours after large increase in salt and water intake.
Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton and Hall, 11th edition, page 380.
Incorrect- As sodium intake is increased, sodium output initially lags slightly behind the intake.
- This time delay causes small increase in cumulative sodium balance.
- This leads to slight increase in extracellular fluid volume.
- This increase in extracellular fluid volume triggers various mechanisms in the body to increase sodium excretion.
- On intake of large quantities of salt and water, signals from the stretch receptors of the right atrium and the pulmonary blood vessels go to the brain stem.
- This will inhibit sympathetic nerve activity to the kidney.
- This in turn leads to decrease in tubular sodium reabsorption.
- This mechanism is most important in the first few hours after large increase in salt and water intake.
Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton and Hall, 11th edition, page 380.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
1 pointsWhich is a true statement regarding inhibin?
Correct- Inhibin is secreted by the sertoli cells in males and by the granulosa cells in females.
- It inhibits the secretion of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone.
- It is a glycoprotein with molecular weight between 10,000 and 30,000.
- It has potent inhibitory feedback effect on the anterior pituitary gland which in turn provides negative feedback mechanism for the control of spermatogenesis.
Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton and Hall, 11th edition, page 1007.
Incorrect- Inhibin is secreted by the sertoli cells in males and by the granulosa cells in females.
- It inhibits the secretion of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone.
- It is a glycoprotein with molecular weight between 10,000 and 30,000.
- It has potent inhibitory feedback effect on the anterior pituitary gland which in turn provides negative feedback mechanism for the control of spermatogenesis.
Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton and Hall, 11th edition, page 1007.
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
1 pointsRetinal isomerase catalyses the conversion of?
Correct- When light energy is absorbed by rhodopsin, photoactivation of electrons in the retinal portion of rhodopsin leads to the change of cis form of retinal into the all trans form.
- The first stage in the reformation of rhodopsin is to reconvert the all trans retinal into 11 cis retinal.
- This process is catalysed by the enzyme – retinal isomerase.
Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton and Hall, 11th edition, page 629.
Incorrect- When light energy is absorbed by rhodopsin, photoactivation of electrons in the retinal portion of rhodopsin leads to the change of cis form of retinal into the all trans form.
- The first stage in the reformation of rhodopsin is to reconvert the all trans retinal into 11 cis retinal.
- This process is catalysed by the enzyme – retinal isomerase.
Ref: Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton and Hall, 11th edition, page 629.
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Very helpful questions to check your knowledge. Thanks sir