Category: Medicine

EPSS: E point septal separation – Answer

Increased E point – septal separation (EPSS) on M-mode echocardiogram of mitral valve is indicative of : c) Left ventricular dysfunction Normal EPSS is about 5 mm. When

Medicine

Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Most important etiological factors responsible for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C But the proportion of HCC caused by these 2 viruses vary in different parts

Medicine

Multiple myeloma – Bad prognostic factors

Indicators of bad prognosis in a case of multiple myeloma are: Increased Beta-2 microglobulin High serum lactate dehydrogenase Hemoglobin level < 7g/dl Decreased serum albumin Blood urea >

Cardiology

Conditions which decrease the murmur of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Conditions which decrease the murmur of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy are: Sustained hand grip Elevation of arterial pressure by phenylephrine Increase in venous return by passive leg raising Increase

Medicine

Conditions causing Charcot's Joint

Diseases which result in Charcot’s joint (neuropathic joint) are: Diabetes mellitus Tabes dorsalis Leprosy Amyloidosis Syringomyelia Meningomyelocele Peroneal muscular atrophy

Medicine

Causes of exudative pleural effusion

Causes of exudative pleural effusion are: Neoplasms Pulmonary embolism Infections Collagen vascular disorders GIT disorders – Perforation of esophagus, pancreatitis Others – Yellow nail syndrome, Uremia, Meig’s syndrome,

Cardiology

ECG changes in hyperkalemia

ECG changes in hyperkalemia are: Peaking of T waves Increase in PR interval (AV conduction delay) Wide QRS complex Loss of P waves

Cardiology

ECG changes in acute pericarditis

ECG changes in acute pericarditis are: ST elevation with concavity upward T inversion occurs after some days (once ST segment returns to baseline) No change in QRS complexes

AIPGMEE 2012

Causes of massive splenomegaly

Some conditions causing massive splenomegaly are: Chronic myeloid leukaemia Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hairy cell leukemia Myelofibrosis Polycythemia vera Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Sarcoidosis Gaucher’s disease Diffuse splenic hemangiomatosis